Exploring Pharmacists' Knowledge, Perception, and Practice regarding the Recent Cholera Outbreak in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Cholera outbreak is a significant public health concern in Nigeria, and pharmacists play critical roles in preventing and managing outbreaks. However, there is limited research on their knowledge, perception, and practices about cholera. This study explored pharmacists' knowledge, perception, and practices about cholera during the recent cholera outbreak in Nigeria.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1 and August 31, 2024. Asample size of 374 pharmacists was calculated using Epi-Info software based on an estimated population of 13,924 licensed pharmacists. The survey tool was distributed across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones,via online and physical platforms. Specific data were collected using a four-structured selfadministered questionnaire with focus on pharmacists' knowledge of cholera transmission, prevention, and treatment; their perceptions of the disease; and their involvement in cholera outbreak management. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's Lambda. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using R (version 4.4.2).

Results: Three hundred and ninety-nine (399) pharmacists participated in the study, with a mean age of 40.3 ± 12.6 years. The majority were males (54.2%) and practiced in community (39.3%) or hospital pharmacy (35.1%) settings. The overall mean knowledge score was 20.9 ± 3.0 out of 30, with 58.1% of pharmacists demonstrating good knowledge of cholera. Most respondents (84.5%) had a positive
perception of cholera management. Approximately 41.1% reported having managed cholera cases, but only 14.8% had reported cases to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). Despite good knowledge, barriers such as limited access to formal training and a lack of involvement in disaster preparedness were identified.

Conclusion: Pharmacists in Nigeria exhibited good knowledge and a positive perception of cholera disease and are well-positioned to support cholera outbreak responses. Despite their involvement in the management of cholera disease, challenges such as limited access to training and a lack of formal inclusion in disaster preparedness plans must be addressed. Targeted interventions to enhance pharmacists' roles through continuous professional development and structured inclusion in national health emergency plans will be critical in mitigating future outbreaks.