Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and nutritional compositions of ethanolic extract of Ficus capensis leaves
Keywords:
Genotoxicity, Allium cepa, Ficus capensis, chromosome aberrationsAbstract
Background: Ficus capensis leaves extract has been used in traditional medicine over the years by Middle belt ethnic group in Nigeria to treat a wide range of diseases and also serve as food.
Materials and Methods: Genotoxic potentials, cytotoxic effects and nutritional composition of the ethanol extract of the leaves were investigated using Allium cepa assay and proximate analysis respectively. The Allium cepa mitotic inhibitory activities of the extract at varying concentrations of 10mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 50mg/mL and 100 mg/mL was investigated. Methotrexate and Distilled water were considered as standard drug and control respectively. All experiments were carried out in triplicates.
Results: Proximate analysis result revealed crude fibre, carbohydrates and proteins as the imost abundant macro nutrients with percentage composition of 37.2 ± 0.08%, 30 ± 0.02% and 14.70 ± 0.08% respectively. Also, a significant (P<0.05) dose dependent decrease in mitotic index of the extracts as compared to the control was observed. Chromosomal aberrations scored were stickiness, lagging, bridges, vagrant chromosome and micro-nucleated interphase cells were also observed.
Conclusion: This study confirmed that although the ethanol leaves extract of Ficus capensis is a good dietary source of carbohydrates, crude fibre and proteins, it exhibits significant mito-depressive and genotoxic effects at all the tested dosage.
References
Ayinde BA and Owolabi OJ (2009). Effects of aqueous extract of Ficus capensisthunb.(Moraceae) leaf extract on gastrointestinal motility. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 1(3): 031- 035. DOI: 10.5897/JPP
Ngozi KA, Chimaraoke O, Agatha EE and Jennifer CO (2017). Phytochemical, proximate analysis, vitamin and mineral composition of aqeous extract of ficus capensis leaves in south eastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutiical Science 7(03): 117-122 . DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70319
Bongoni R, Steenbeekers LPA, Verkerk R, Van Bockeli MAJS, Dekker M (2013). Studying Consumer Behaviour related to the quality of food: A case on Vegetables preparations affecting Sensory and
Health Attributes. Trends in Food Science and Technology 33 (2): 139 - 145. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.08.004.
Jordan SA, Cunningham DG, Marles RJ (2010). Assessment of herbal medicinal products: Challenges and opportunities to increase the knowledge base for safety assessment. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacology 243(2): 198 - 216. DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.005
Ouedraogo M, Baudoux T, Stevigny C, Nortier J, Colbert JM, Efferth T, et al., (2012). Review of current and "Omics'' methods for assessing the toxicity (genotoxicity, teratogenicity and nephrotoxicity) of herbal medicines and mushrooms. J . Ethnopharmacol 143 (2): 492 - 512. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.059
Verschaeve L and Van staden J (2008). Mutagenic and anti-mutagenic properties of extracts from South African traditional Medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol 119(1): 575 - 87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.007
Tulay AC and Ozlem SA (2010). Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Inula viscosa leaf extracts with Allium test. J. Biomed. Biotechnol 5:1–8. DOI: 10.1155/2010/189252
Parra AL, Yhebra RS, Sardinas IG and Buela LI (2001). Comparative study of the assay of Artemia
salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of
plant extracts. Phytomedicine 8(5): 395-400. DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00044
Owolabi OJ, Nworgu ZA, Falodun A, Ayinde BA, Nwako CN (2009). Evaluation of Tocolytic activity of ethanol extract of the stem bark of Ficus capensis Thunb (Moraceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acts Polonial. Pharmaceutical and Drug Research 66(3): 293 – 296. PMID: 19645329.
Rios JL and Recio MC (2005). Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. Journal of ethnopharmacology 100 (1-2): 80-84. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.025
Ehimwenma S.O and Osarieme T.O (2015). In vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of methanol exracts of Ficus capensis and Dacryodes edulisleaves. Journal of pharmacy bioresources DOI:10.4314/jpb.v11i2.6
Igoli J and Igwue C (2004). Traditional Medicinal Practices amongst the Igede People of Nigeria. Journal of Herbs, spices and medicinal plants 2(2): 134- 152. DOI: 10.1300/j044v10n04_01
Kirira PG, Rukunga GM, Wanyonyi AW, Muregi FM, Gathirwa JW, Muthiaura CN, Omar SA, Tolo F, Mungai GM and Ndiege IO (2006). Anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in
traditional malaria therapy in Meru and Kilifi Districts of Kenya. J. Ethnopharmacol 106(3): 403-7. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.017
Oyeleke SB, Dauda B and Boye OA (2008). Antibacterial activity of Ficus capensis. African journal of Biotechnology 7(10): 1414.
Trease and Evans, and Evans WC (2002). Pharmacognosy. 15th edition. Churchill, Living stone.
Harborne JB (1984). Phytochemical Methods: a guide to modern technique of plants Analysis. 2nd edition. Chapman and hall London, 1(9): 37- 168
Trease GE and Evans WC (1996). Pharmacognosy. Alden Press, Oxford, 213-232.
Obadoni BO and Ochuko PO (2001). Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extract of some homeostatic plants in Edo and Delta states of Nigeria. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 8: 203
AOAC (2003). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official's Analytical Chemists. Arlington, Virginia
Shrivastava V, Richard S, Yadu ND, Narendra KP, Ankush J and Manish W (2016). Antimitotic and Antiproliferative activity of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Journal of Basic and Applied Research International 13(3): 147-154
Njoku-Ojj NN, Osaji DE, Ifegwu NO, Uchefunna RC, Ezejindu, DN (2015). Effects of aqeous extract of
Ficus capensis leaf on some reproductive parameters in normal adult male wistar rats. International
Journal of Multidisciplinary research and development 2(2): 577-583. doi.0rg/10.2227.
Adebisi GA and Oyeleke GA (2009). Studies on Ficus capensis (Fruit and Leaf) Proximate and Mineral Compositions. International Journal of Chemical Sciences7(3): 1765-1761.
Odusami, Jocelyn A, Anita K, Asekunowo JU, Izunobi E, Ekarica A,Olayinka T, Asekun O and Familoni B (2017). Phytoconstituents, Proximate and mineral investigations of the Ethanol extracts of the bark of and leaves of Ficus surforssk. J. Sci. Res Dev 17(1): 9-14.
Ajayi OB, Oluleye JO, Olalemi OM and Ilesanmi TM (2012). Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical screening and Antimicrobial Properties of the leaf of Ficus exasperate (Vahl). Asian Journal of Biological and life Sciences Vol. 1: (3) 34-40
Omonkhelin JO, Zuleikhai AN, Abiodun F, Buhiyamin AA, Charles NN (2009). Evaluation of Tocolytic Activity of ethanol extracts of the stem bark of Ficus capensis thunb (Moraceae). Acts Poloniae Pharmaceutical Drug Res 66(3): 293- 296
Emebu PK and Anyika JU (2011). Proximate and mineral composition of Kale (Brassica oleracea) grown in Delta State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 10(2): 190- 194. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.190.194
Ojokuku SA, Okunowo WO, Apena A (2010). Evaluation of the chemical composition of Khaya
grandifolila and Ficus capensis. Journal of Medicinal plant Research 4 (12): 1126- 1129. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR10.220
Obonga WO, Philip FU, Emmanuel OE and Sampson CN and Dhalka (2017). Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial properties of Ficus capensis, Aristolochi ringens,
zygia and lannea welwitschii. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci 16(2): 147 - 157. DOI : 10.3329/dujps.v16i2.35249.
Yousif MN, El-sayed WA, Abbas HS, Awad HM, Yousif NM (2017). Anticancer activity of new subsistituted pyrimidines, their thioglycosides and thiazolopyrimidine derivatives. Journal of
applied pharmaceutical science 7(11): 021-032. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.71104
Shrivasharanappa K and Ramesh L(2014). Clot lysis and Antimitotic study of Ficus glomerata roxb Fruit Extracts. ISRN Pharmacology 10. DOI:10.1155/2014/975303
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
