Occurrence And Reporting Of Adyerse Drug Reactions Among Patients On Highly Actiye Antiretroviral Therapy In A Nigerian Uniyersity Teaching Hospital
Keywords:
Adverse Drug Reactions, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV, Nigeria, PharmacovigilanceAbstract
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have reduced the benefits of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). There is a dearth of data of adverse drug reactions due to HAART in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of ADR reporting; and evaluate the prevalence, types and severity of ADRs due to HAART in a Nigerian university teaching hospital.
Methods: Key Informant Interview (KII) was conducted for healthcare providers for HIV/AIDS patients. Data was also collected using a pre-tested questionnaire administered to consenting patients above the age of 18 using accidental sampling technique. Data was collected for 5 consecutive weeks between August and September, 2013, and was analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Atlas.ti software for qualitative analysis.
Results: Analysis of KII revealed that yellow forms are not being used in ADR reporting. Out of 179 patients evaluated, 72.6% were female. Most of the patients (96.6%) were on first line AART regimen. Ninety patients (50.3%) reported at least an ADRs and 5% of the ADRs were life threatening reactions. Only 7 (3.9%) of the patients reported a previous medication change due to ADR and the commonly reported ADRs were; dizziness (18.4%), skin rash (8.4%), hallucination (6.1%), somnolence(5.6%),and tingling/numbness(4.5%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of ADR among patients on HAART in the study centre was 50.3% and majority of the reported ADRs were mild. Healthcare team members at the study site observed ADR among patients on HAART, but yellow forms were not used in reporting the observed ADRs. Some commonly reported adverse drug reactions reported by the patients include; dizziness, skin rash, hallucination,somnolence and tingling/ numbness.
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