Identifying Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease During A Medical Mission Outreach
Keywords:
Medical missions, Hypertension, Pharmaceutical Care, BMI, Waist CircumferenceAbstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) contribute 17.3million to global mortality annually. With increasing urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and other worsening social indices, incidence of CVD has continued to rise in Nigeria and other third world countries, ultimately worsening already poor economic and clinical outcomes. Medical missions when properly designed and executed can serve as an important avenue for identifying gaps in patient care and promotion of pharmacist-cognitive services.
The objective of this study was to identify CVD risks in volunteers during a medical mission outreach.
Method
The study was an exploratory study. Volunteers were sampled from respondents at a medical mission at Festac town, Amuwo Odofin, Lagos State. A total of 224 volunteers were interviewed by pharmacists to obtain demographic data and medical history. The weights, height and blood pressure were measured in accordance with JNC7 guidelines. Laboratory tests (Random Blood Sugar or Fasting Blood Sugar and total cholesterol) were conducted by licensed laboratory scientists. Informed consent was taken as decision to participate after the participants were addressed.
Results
The mean weight was 75.4Kg ±12.9) with 42.9% of the total sample obese and 35.7% overweight. Mean BMI between sexes was different (Male 26.9±4.5 and Female 30.92± 4.6) and higher in females (t-test, p< 0.0001). Using the waist circumference measure, 54% of patients had a higher risk of CVD. Both BMI and waist circumference were significantly related to age (F-test, p= 0.001). More than half of the volunteers (57.1%) had systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevated above 140mmHg and 19.6% having diastolic blood pressure elevated above 90mmHg. SBP was significantly higher in males (151.4mmHg±20) than females (140.8mmHg ±20.4) (t-test, p< 0.0001).
Conclusion
Medical missions are an important resource in identifying gaps in the healthcare sector and solutions to such problems can be designed at that level. There is currently a huge gap in patient care in Nigeria and pharmaceutical care can be the platform for bridging the gap in care.
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