Thin Layer Chromatography Bio-autography guided identification of Antibacterial constituents of leaf extract of Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. (Bignoniaceae)
https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.18
Keywords:
Traditional Medicine, Anti-microbial Susceptibility, Thin Layer ChromatographyAbstract
Background: There is an incessant quest for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. Bignoniaceae) is used in traditional medicine in Nigeria and other parts of Africa in the treatment of venereal diseases e.g., syphilis, wounds, refractory cough, malaria, tooth ache leprosy etc. The present work investigates the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic leaf extract of the plant.
Methods: Ethanolic leaf extract of S.Kunthianum was obtained by macerations method. Agar well diffffusion method was used to carry out preliminary antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The test was carried out at extract concentration of 100, 200 and 400 mgmL-1 . The agar dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures. Thin layer chromatography bioautography analysis was carried out using the agar overlay method. Six micro-organisms including two gram positive- Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, two gram negative Salmonella typhi , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were used as test organisms.
Results: The ethanol extracts of S.kunthianum leaves showed antimicrobial activity against B.subtilis, S.aureus and S.typhi with zones of Inhibition ranging from 13±1.41 to 29.5 ± 1.00 mm and MIC values ranging from 16 -64 mgmL-1 . Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flflavonoids and terpenoid compounds
Conclusion: The study showed that the antibacterial activities of the leaf extract are probably due to polyphenolic and steroidal compounds.
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