The Public Health Consequences of Substandard Medicines in Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2022.43

Authors

  • Mustapha Bola Kudirat Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control
  • Abubakar Danraka Office of the Director-General, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) Abuja, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-7517
  • Akande Abdulmujeeb Office of the Director-General, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) Abuja, Nigeria

Keywords:

Substandard, M e d i c i n e, Public Health, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Poor-quality medicines are a serious public health issue, especially in emerging economies and developing countries, and can have a significant impact on the national clinical and economic burden. Although much attention has been focused on the increasing availability of intentionally falsified drugs, substandard medicines are also reaching patients as a result of poor manufacturing and quality-control practices in the manufacture of genuine drugs (either branded or generic). Substandard medicines are common and pose a health risk because they can inadvertently lead to healthcare failures such as antibiotic resistance and disease spread within a community, as well as death or additional illness in individuals.

Conclusion: The potential solutions to substandard manufacturing practices are also discussed. To ensure that only drugs of acceptable quality reach the patient, governments, drug manufacturers, charities, and healthcare providers must work together.

References

Caudron, J.M., Ford, N., Henkens, M., Mace, C., Kiddle‐Monroe, R. and Pinel, J., 2008. Substandard medicines in resource‐poor settings: a problem that can no longer be ignored. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(8), pp.1062- 1072.

European Medicines Agency (EMA) 2010. European Medicines Agency recommends precautionary recall of batches of clopidogrelcontaining medicines from Acino Pharma GmbH. March 2010 . A v a i l a b l e a t http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl= pages/news_and_events/news/2010/03/news_detail_001010.jsp&mid= WC0b01ac058004d5c1

(last accessed 18 December 2013).

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2012. New England Compounding Center issues voluntary nationwide recall of all products. October 6, 2012. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm322901.h tm (last accessed 18 December 2013).

Finlay, B.D., 2011. Counterfeit drugs and national security. [Online]. Available at : http://www.sƟmson.org/images/uploads/resear chpdfs/FullCounterfeit_Drugs_and_NaƟonal_Se curity.pdf

World Health Organization 2010. Report of the situation of counterfeit medicines based on data collection tool. WHO Regions for Africa and Eastern Mediterranean. A World Health Organization Resource. 2010 [cited September 2016). Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js18385en/. Published 2010.

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2011). General Information on Counterfeit Medicines [Online] Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counte rfeit/overview/en/

Cockburn, R., 2002. Crime, fear and silence; Making public the fake pharmaceutical drug racket (presentation). In First Global Forum in Pharmaceutical-Anticounterfeiting. Geneva, September 22-25, 2002.

Olusegun, A., 2013. Counterfeit drugs in Nigeria: A threat to public health. African journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 7(36), pp.2571- 2576.

Amadi, L. and Amadi, M., 2014. Sustainable drug consumption, regulatory dynamics and fake drug repositioning in Nigeria:Acase of NAFDAC. SciAfric J Sci Issues Res Essays, 2, pp.412-419.

Rahman, M.S., Yoshida, N., Tsuboi, H., Tomizu,N., Endo, J., Miyu, O., Akimoto, Y. and Kimura, K., 2018. The health consequences of falsified medicines‐a study of the published literature. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 23(12), pp.1294-1303.

Wogu, J.O., Omaka-Amari, L.N., Ugwu, U.C., Ugwuoke, J.C. and Agu, M.A., 2019. Influence of NAFDAC Mobile Drugs Authentication Service on the Use of Fake Drugs Among Consumers in Southeast Nigeria. Global Journal of HealthScience, 11(5), p.87.

NAFDAC Consumer Safety Bulletin (2003). Abuja, Nigeria: National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control. Available at: http://www.nlipw.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/EID-GUIDLINES-FORPACKAGED-WATER.pdf

Garuba, H.A., Kohler, J.C. and Huisman, A.M., 2009. Transparency in Nigeria's public pharmaceutical sector: perceptions from policy makers. Globalization and health, 5(1), pp.1-13.

Akunyili, D., 2004. Fake and counterfeit drugs in the health sector: The role of medical doctors. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 2(2), pp.19-23.

Mackey, T.K. and Nayyar, G., 2017. A review of existing and emerging digital technologies to combat the global trade in fake medicines. Expert opinion on drug safety, 16(5), pp.587-602.

Lu, Y., Hernandez, P., Abegunde, D. and Edejer, T., 2011. The world medicines situation 2011. Medicine expenditures World Health Organization, Geneva, 11(1), pp.33-36.

Yadav, S. and Rawal, G., 2015. Counterfeit drugs: problem of developing and developed countries. Int J Pharmceut Chem Anal, 2(1), pp.46-50.

Abubakar Mustapha Danraka, Akpan Aniekan Edet, Shingin Kovona Musa, Sunday NdianaAbasi Ime, (2022). Evaluation of Drug Pricing in Nigeria: A Focus on Affordability and Availability of Essential Medicines in Federal Capital Territory Abuja. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing, Vol. 97:1 - 10. DOI https://doi.org/10.7176/JHMN ISSN 2422-8419.

Obembe, T.A., Adenipekun, A.B., Oyewale, O.M. and Odebunmi, K.O., 2022. Implications of national tax policy on local pharmaceutical production in as out western state nigeria–qualitative research for the intersection of national pharmaceutical policy on health systems development. BMC health services research, 22(1), pp.1-10.

Massini, S. and Miozzo, M., 2012. Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: challenges to theory, management and geography of innovation. Regional Studies, 46(9), pp.1219-1242.Khan, A.N. and Khar, R.K., 2015. Current scenario of spurious and substandard medicines in India: a systematic review. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 77(1), p.2.

Peltier-Rivest, D. and Pacini, C., 2019. Detecting counterfeit pharmaceutical drugs: A multistakeholder forensic accounting strategy. Journal of Financial Crime.

Lamy, M., & Liverani, M. (2015). Tackling substandard and falsified medicines in the Mekong: National responses and regional prospects. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 2(2), 245.Dégardin, K., Rggo, Y., & Margot, P. (2014). Review: Understanding and fighting the medicine counterfeit market. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 87, 167-175. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.009

Cohen, J.C., Mrazek, M. and Hawkins, L., 2007. Tackling corruption in the pharmaceutical systems worldwide with courage and conviction. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 81(3), pp.445-449.

Haken, J., 2011. Transnational crime in the developing world. Global financial integrity, 32(2), pp.11-30.

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2007). Good governance for medicines. Curbing corruption in medicines regulation and supply [Online]. Available at : http://www.who.int/medicines/policy/goodgo vernance/home/en/index.html.

El-Jardali F, Akl EA, Fadlallah R, Oliver S, Saleh N, El-Bawab L, et al. Interventions to combat or prevent drug counterfeiting: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2015;5(3):e006290.

Risha PG, Msuya Z, Clark M, Johnson K, Ndomondo-Sigonda M, Layloff T. The use of minilabs to improve the testing capacity of regulatory authorities in resource limited settings: Tanzanian experience. Health Policy. 2008;87(2):217–22.

Williams A. Europe prepares to battle the counterfeiters. Pharm Technol Eur 2011; 23:9–11.

Kabore L, Millet P, Fofana S, Berdai D, Adam C, Haramburu F. Pharmacovigilance systems in developing countries: an evaluative case study in Burkina Faso. Drug Saf. 2013;36(5):349–58.

Cuchet-Chosseler M, Bocoum O, Camara M, Abad B, Yamani E, Ordre des Pharmaciens du M. Results of a survey to evaluate the efficacy of a regional awareness campaign on counterfeit street medicines in Bamako, Mali and Nouakchott, Mauritania. Med Trop (Mars). 2011;71(2):152–6.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-09

How to Cite

Kudirat, M. B. ., Danraka, A. ., & Abdulmujeeb, A. . (2022). The Public Health Consequences of Substandard Medicines in Nigeria: https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2022.43. The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy, 56(2). Retrieved from https://psnnjp.org/index.php/home/article/view/303

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.